《The Almanack of Naval Ravikant》的读后感大全
《The Almanack of Naval Ravikant》是一本由Naval Ravikant / Eric Jorgenson著作，Magrathea Publishing出版的Paperback图书，本书定价：USD 12.84，页数：242，特精心从网络上整理的一些读者的读后感，希望对大家能有帮助。
《The Almanack of Naval Ravikant》读后感(一)：中文版分享
中文版在线阅读（https://www.yuque.com/qingmiyang/naval）
这是本人在阅读英文原版的过程，顺便翻译的，放在这里作参考阅读。 水平有限，如有错漏，敬请指正。这本书纠正了我一些关于财富和幸福的概念，一定程度上刷新了我在这方面的认知。虽然以前也读过很多关于财富方面的书，但还是觉得这本对财富的定义比较直接。
《The Almanack of Naval Ravikant》读后感(二)：The Almanack of Naval Ravikant 金句摘录与感悟
关于迅速行动
Inspiration is perishable—act on it immediately.
凡事想到就要行动起来，好的点子很快会消失，所以想到就要记下来，马上行动安排起来。
If there’s something you want to do later, do it now. There is no “later.
做事要趁早，行动要迅速，想到就要行动，就要力求做到。
关于人生态度
Be present.
每天都是余生的第一天，过去的人生已经消失，未来的人生需要自己来创造，只有此刻才真正属于我。因此，要把握好当下，享受好当下，follow my heart。
The ability to singularly focus is related to the ability to lose yourself and be present, happy, and (ironically) more effective.
Focus on what you’re doing right now. 学会让内心的杂念平静下来，学会放空大脑，抛开杂念，全心投入你正在做的事情里。你将会变得更加高效率，而且更快乐。
Your life is a firefly blink in a night. You’re here for such a brief period of time… All that matters is you experience your reality as you go through life. Why not interpret it in the most positive possible way？
在宇宙时间的维度上，人生极其短暂，微不足道。个人的人生体验，全在于自己如何解读自己的人生经历。那么既然如此，当然要往积极地方向去解读人生。
The world just reflects your own feelings back at you. Reality is neutral. Reality has no judgements.
深刻认识人生是一个人的旅程，世界是中性的，个人眼中的世界只是自己内在情绪的反映。要“改变”世界，唯一的方法就是改变自己。古语云，“行事不得，反求诸已”，说的正是这个道理。
学会Acceptance
The sooner you can accept it as a reality, the sooner you can adapt to it.
所有的suffering都是出现成长和学习机会的信号，任何事情都有积极的一面，所有的批评和失败都是在提醒自己—我又找到了可以提升自我的空间。
关于嫉妒
It’s such a poisonous emotion because, at the end of the day, you’re no better off with jealousy… If you’re not willing to do a wholesale, 24/7, 100 percent swap with who that person is, then there is no point in being jealous.
嫉妒是难以避免的情绪，但当你认识到—1）嫉妒并不能让自己变得更好；2）自己也不愿意和嫉妒的对象完全交换人生…的时候，就会意识到嫉妒是毫无必要的事情。与其嫉妒他人，不如专注于做好自己。
The reality is life is a single-player game. You’re born alone. You’re going to die alone. All of your interpretations are alone. All your memories are alone.
学会接受人生就是独自一人的经历。所以要过好这一生，就要让自己对于人生的解读更加积极正面，专注于提升自己。
关于长期主义
All benefits in life come from compound interest, whether in money, relationships, love, health, activities, or habits.
凡事要坚持长期主义视角。任何追求短期利益的想法和行为，无论有多大的诱惑力，都应该被坚决摒弃。
Much of finding great relationships, great coworkers, great lovers, wives, husbands, is finding other people where your values line up.
价值观第一。与价值观相符的人在一起，收获的将是和谐、快乐和共同成长。寻找人生伴侣，价值观一致是首要判断标准。
Building judgement
I probably read one to two hours a day. That puts me in the top .00001 percent.
原来每天只要坚持读书1-2小时，自己就会是全世界最顶尖的一小撮有智慧的人。多么有意思的发现！这是自己完全可以做到的。在阅读过程中，更重要的是要主动思考，读到有收获的内容时，要联系生活实际来思考、判断，如有道理，则应该迅速内化。
Run uphill. If you have two choices to make, and they’re relatively equal choices, take the path more difficult and more painful in the short term… most of the gains in life come from suffering in the short term so you can get paid in the long term.
人生有两杯水，一杯苦水，一杯甜水。我永远应该先喝苦水，再喝甜水。所有短期的suffering，都是为长期的gain做出的投资。
If you can’t decide, the answer is no…It’s very, very important we only say yes when we are pretty certain… If you cannot decide, the answer is no.
人生中任何困难的决定，比如—是否应该娶这个人，是否应该接受这份工作，是否应该买这套房子，是否应该搬到这座城市，是否应该与某个商业伙伴一起合作…这类重要决定，最好内心是特别向往的时候才答应。
“Tension is who you think you should be. Relaxation is who you are.”—Buddhist saying
永远要记得，做自己, just be yourself. 只有这样，人才是最放松的，也是最有自信、最有魅力的。
Building wealth
If you have too many of these moral shortcomings, you will not respect yourself. The worst outcome in this world is not having self-esteem. If you don’t love yourself, who will？... you just have to be very careful about doing things you are fundamentally not going to be proud of, because they will damage you.
走正道，做正确的事，本质上是在提升自己的self-esteem，让自己更加尊敬自己，认可自己，提升自己的能量值。
Leo 2021年5月12日
《The Almanack of Naval Ravikant》读后感(三)：读 Naval Ravikant
原文发布于个人博客 https://menghanzhang.com/blog/naval-ravikant/Naval Ravikant 是谁？AngelList CEO，200 多家创业公司的天使投资人，发 Tweet 的人，内容创作者…… 我在过去某期的 Newsletter 里推荐了他在 The Knowledge Project 的播客采访，一个多小时听下来，有太多令人深思的点，来不及做笔记。后来又找到 The Almanack of Naval Ravikant 这本书，集合了他在各处散落的思考，内容基本覆盖了他在播客里讲到的点。这本书的诞生过程挺有意思，作者 Eric Jorgenson 一开始是以陌生人的身份在 Twitter 上问 Naval 能不能把他的东西整理成书，Naval 同意了，然后就有了这本书。整个项目是公共服务性质的，电子版可以免费获得。
如果有年度书籍评选的话，The Almanack of Naval Ravikant 大概是我的年度最佳之一。Naval 在人生、财富、幸福、创造方面的智慧，给了我很多启发。一方面读的时候有无数「啊，就是这样！」这样拍桌叫好、心有戚戚焉的时刻，另一方面又有许多非常规的观点和看待事物的角度，每一处都让人反思良久。
整理读书笔记时，我按照自己的理解，翻译、解读和提炼了对我最有启发的部分。
人生的意义是什么？Naval 给出的三个答案：
《The Almanack of Naval Ravikant》读后感(四)：对纳瓦尔·拉维康特观点总结的总结
Ravikant是谁Ravikant是印度裔移民，达特茅斯毕业，计算机经济学双学位。 1999年联合创建了Epinions，一个消费品评论网站，07年创建风投基金Hit Forge，10年联合创建天使投资平台AngelList。
最初知道Ravikant是因为Joe Rogan Show的那期节目，然后完全被他的洞见和风度震撼到。接着又去刷了他的推特、播客和视频，感觉获益良多。
Ravikant的话题性很大程度上来源于他的跨界身份。一方面，他是成功的连续创业者和天使投资人，典型的硅谷大佬。另一方面，他喜欢在媒体上大谈心灵的宁静，居然还说的挺有道理。这种跨界身份带来的反差在生活中非常少见。
这就好比在马戏团里，有一头熊不稀奇，有一辆独轮车也不稀奇，但是如果有一头熊在骑独轮车，那就太稀奇了。人们喜欢这种稀奇的东西。就像人们喜欢李小龙，一个打架很厉害的哲学家。
人们对Ravikant和李小龙的喜爱，相当程度上是因为人们对自我的期许。说实在的，如果不是为了赚钱，有谁真的愿意一辈子只从事一种职业呢？虽然我们名义上是教师、医生或者公务员，但在内心深处，我们都知道自己的潜力远远不止于此。
古希腊人显然对此表示认同。一个典型的富裕家庭的雅典公民，年轻的时候去上学，成年以后参加军队，退役后去经商、从事zz，年老以后做去一个哲学家。海因莱因说『只有昆虫才专业化』。你只有一次生命，要尽可能的尝试一切。
当然了，你得先赚到足够的钱才行。
本文主要是对Ravikant在youtube上内容的阅读笔记。另外，Eric Jorgenson把他的访谈整理成了一本书，[email protected]/* */，视觉效果相当惊艳。
Ravikant从小在图书馆长大，可以不受限制的接触到自己感兴趣的信息。从某种意义上讲，他是信息社会的原住民。
Ravikant的读书方法也与众不同。他很少把一整本书从头到尾读完，而是喜欢在书里跳来跳去，寻找自己感兴趣的段落。
遇到自己不理解的观点，他会停下来思考，会搜索背景信息，会记笔记发Twitter。当他对这本书失去了兴趣，他就停下来读别的书。在他看来，在读书这件事上，挑食和剩饭是一件好事。
虽然可以称得上是博览群书，但Ravikant认为读书数目并不重要。与其读过一大堆的书彰显自己的好学，不如把其中的几本书反复吸收，变成自己的东西。
Ravikant是费曼的忠实粉丝，推崇费曼学习法——把学到的知识用自己的话表达出来。
Ravikant无疑是我见过最能聊的人。其他的聊天高手，周孝正讲的是段子，罗振宇背后是一个团队，高晓松好歹还需要后期剪辑，但Ravikant在Joe Rogan Show的三个小时每一分钟都是洞见。不但是洞见，而且是妙语连珠，浑不费力，排练过一般流畅的洞见。
有趣的是，这家伙在推特上却是极简风格。他的推文都是字斟句酌，格言一样的短句。引人深思，但绝不把话说透。
我曾对此大惑不解，直到听了他Podcast里的一段话：
『我的推文大多是一些言简意赅的东西，就像钩子一样，挂住并导向我的一些更深入的思考。』
原来，这些推文并不是给别人看的，而是给他自己看的。他用格言来压缩和整理自己的知识体系。
大脑的神经元有限，没人能短时间内想起一切。但一个人在聊天表达观点时，必须短时间内想起一切。所以他才需要这些简化的句子，把他们当做记忆的路标。当他顺着这些路标走下去，相关的亲身经历和思考就一一浮现出来。所以，每当他浏览自己的推文，就相当于预演了一遍自己的逻辑表达。
大佬就是大佬。发推也专注于自己的手艺，难怪练到炉火纯青。
只要活得足够长，我们总会不可避免的思考那些最根本、最古老的问题。我从哪里来？我到哪里去？人生的目的是啥？以及更实用一些的——怎样得到财富、健康和快乐？
我从一个相当不快乐的人变成了一个快乐的离谱的人。我认为你完全可以通过刻意练习而变得快乐，所以我很愿意谈谈自己的方法。
下面提供的几个简单原则，虽然不能让你从此平安喜乐，但至少能把你向正确的方向上推动一些。
快乐的第一步是意识到自己可以变得快乐。
就像身材可以管理，人在情绪上的可操作性也是很强的。在快乐的问题上，你能做的比你以为的更多。
追求快乐并不容易，所以很多人会故意低估快乐的价值。很多人认为自己的生活必须很有压力，这样才有动力去做事，这当然有一定的道理。如果你像佛陀一样知足常乐，那你就不想再努力工作了。
但你需要意识到，不快乐的状态是非常低效的。如果你是一个快乐的人，你很难被外在的思绪困扰。而如果你是一个不快乐和焦虑的人，你的大脑24小时都会处于紧张状态。你的睡眠质量会变差，情绪会变的暴躁。你会因为冲动而做出不合理的决策。你会掉进『忙不过来』的陷阱，一件事接一件事干个不停。你无法分清事情的轻重缓急。你考虑的问题太多，所以每一件事情都无暇细想。
所以你要做出权衡。一方面，那些最快乐的人大概率没法像马斯克一样，拼命工作和改变世界。但另一方面，很多做出巨大成就的人确实也能保持足够积极乐观的心态，尤其是在他们年龄更大一些的时候。
当我变成一个更快乐的人以后，我发现自己能够建立更深更稳固的关系，能够更冷静的思考问题，并看清问题的长期走向。虽然我工作的时间变短了，但我的效率变高了。
欲望是你和自己的一场谈判。你故意放弃一部分快乐，直到你得到某样东西。
所以，当你闷闷不乐的时候，问一问自己，这背后的欲望是什么。欲望是一件好事，它让你有所成就。但是不要有太多欲望，不要有了欲望却自己都意识不到。哎呀这咖啡太凉了，天气太热了，孩子太不听话了... 挑出你最想要的那个欲望。允许自己忍受这一个欲望带来的痛苦。但是在其他的事情上，你得学会放弃。
如果你能专注到一个欲望上，持之以恒的努力，这个欲望就会变成现实。当然，即使你得到了梦寐以求的东西，你也只会欣喜若狂一阵子，然后对这个东西习以为常。 升职加薪会让你在随后的几个月达到一个幸福的峰值，然后逐渐回归平稳，变得和从前一模一样。
痛苦和快乐符合能量守恒定律。你在追求欲望时忍受了多少痛苦，在欲望实现后就能得到多少快乐。这也是为什么很多东西来得太快并不是好事。这是人类几十万年来进化出的游戏规则：来之不易的东西才懂得珍惜。
很多时候当我们说要追求快乐的时候，我们真正的意思其实是追求平静。
平静是一种你不需要思考的状态。那些生活中最令人愉悦的时刻，无论是捧腹大笑，看到美好景色，或者云雨之时，你的大脑都是安静的。一切嘈杂都消失了。然后你对生命中的美好产生敬畏，感到由衷的喜悦。
平静的本质是对事物的理解。比如观看魔术表演时，你会感到大为惊奇。但如果你理解这个魔术的秘密，这种感觉就消失了。所以对一件事情的理解越深入，就越不容易产生激烈的情感。你看电影里面的大佬们总是情绪稳定，那是因为一切都在他们的意料之中。
需要注意的是，平静是理解的副产品。如果你刻意追求平静本身，平静就变成了一种虚伪。
当你越来越理解这个世界，以及自己在这个世界中的位置，你就越来越能平静的做出取舍。而快乐就是你知道自己要什么，而且感到自己就要得到它了。
聪明人很容易把自己搞的不快乐。
聪明人更容易看清楚生活中的虚假和伪善，因此会显得有点儿愤世嫉俗。他们对世界的观察更加深入，对决策的风险和陷阱更加敏感，所以会承受更大的压力，忍不住讽刺那些仍然蒙在鼓里的人。
聪明人要获得快乐，必须付出更加艰苦的努力。其他人可以用消遣来麻痹自己，欺骗自己说我很快乐，但聪明人懂得太多，因此难得糊涂。他们必须经过大量的反思和实践，让头脑中一个更大的世界自圆其说。
不过好消息是，在这个时代，你几乎可以利用自己的聪明才智来兑换一切。你可以搞清楚怎么变得健康，怎么变得富有，自然也可以搞清楚怎么变得快乐。
每个人都希望自己变得富有，一部分人还成功了。但是很少有人具备能力和意愿，来解释清楚发财致富的内在机理，尤其是在不考虑运气因素的情况下。
Naval Ravikant 就是一个这样的人。他有一个很有名的长推特，一共40条，题目叫做《如何变得富有（不靠运气）》，谈了他的财富观。
和菜头把它们翻译成了中文版。另外，Naval Ravikant 在各种访谈和播客中解释了这些观点，并被人总结成了一篇长文。
奇怪的是，国内互联网上的反响并不强烈。按理说这应该是中国人最感兴趣的话题了，而且要比各种心灵鸡汤高好几个段位，为什么会遭到冷遇呢？
和菜头认为，主要有两点原因：1，网上的版本翻译得不好，每个中文字都认识，连起来看就不懂了。2，致富这个话题在中文互联网里观感并不好，已经被严重污染了，导致许多人根本不愿意理解Ravikant在说什么。
另外坦率的说，Ravikant是出色的演说家，但并不是一流的作者。他的文字往往随心而发，不够简单明确。如果把他的话原封不动的翻译下来，你常会感觉他在翻来覆去的说一件事，有的时候还自相矛盾。
所以下文要做的，就是对《致富》进行梳理，提供一个简化易读的版本。用最简单的语言，把他的主要观点清晰地表达出来。
另外，Ravikant相当一部分的观点，应该是借鉴了Paul Graham的长文 How to Make Wealth。阮一峰老师有翻译，非常值得一读。见《黑客与画家》第二章。
17世纪以前，大多数富人积累财富的方式是通过掠夺（比如贪污、征税和战争），因此财富的名声并不好。工业革命以后，技术的发展使得创造财富的速度第一次超过了掠夺财富的速度。17世纪的英国，当官是最能发财的职业。到了19世纪，绝大多数富人已经变成了实业家。
以合乎道德的方式创造财富是可能的。如果你暗中鄙视财富，财富就会远离你。
你需要搞清楚财富和金钱的区别。财富是你睡觉时还能为你赚钱的东西，包括你的投资、你的房子、你的生意、你写的软件、你建立的品牌。而金钱只是换取财富的凭据。我们很容易看到金钱的巨大作用，然后对金钱无比渴望。但同时我们也很容易忽视财富以及对财富的创造。
很多人并没有意识到自己可以创造财富，他们模糊的以为，财富是政府凭空生成，然后分发给他们的。但事实上政府只能生成钞票。如果你想要变的更加富有，首先你要把注意力聚焦在财富本身。
这也是为什么我尽量避免说『赚钱』这个词，因为说『赚钱』反倒不利于理解如何赚钱。
你应该意识到，追求财富的真正目的不是为了皮包、豪车或者游艇，因为这些东西很快就玩腻了。追求财富的真正目的是自由，是可以随时做自己想做的事。有了财富，你就不用7点起床，挤地铁去公司，然后在电脑前坐上一整天。
财富不会替你解决所有的问题。就算你是贝佐斯，一样要为身材和家庭困扰，一样要想办法追求内心的平静。
追求财富是你和自己玩的一个游戏，一个谜题，一场修行。你在追求财富的过程中认识你自己，以及理解自己生活在这个世界上的意义。人生不只是精明的积累财富，但是在积累财富的过程中，你会得到更加宝贵的东西。
你的致富手段不应该是工资。工资是最大的陷阱。因为随着工资的增长，你的消费水平也会水涨船高。工资意味着你不承担额外风险，也就不承担额外收入。工资意味着你是可被替换的。
你的致富手段应该是产权。产权，或者资产净值，就是企业盈利后，先付给员工工资，再偿还银行贷款，再去除其他经营成本后剩下的资产。这才是蛋糕最核心的部分。拥有产权意味着你承担风险，你是利益相关方。哪怕很小的产权，也意味着你拥有一小块自己的生意。
你需要解决两个问题，『可测量性』和『可放大性』，也就是俗称的「责任」和「杠杆」。前者让你获得与你工作成果相匹配的收入，而后者会放大这个收入。
可测量性
你的工作成果必须是可测量的。否则你工作的再努力，也得不到相应的收入。这方面最典型的反例就是大公司的普通员工。大公司的问题是它无法准确的测量每个员工的贡献。大多数的时候它只是在瞎猜。你不能对部门主管说，我打算十倍的努力工作，请你把我的工资也增加十倍吧！因为大公司根本搞不清楚这些工作成果有多少是你做的，有多少是部门的其他员工做的。
高管则不需要担心这个问题，因为整个公司的经营状况就是他的成绩单。销售人员也不担心这个问题，因为每个人的销售业绩都是白纸黑字。这也是为什么在硅谷崛起以前，几乎所有的高管都是销售出身。因为你可以在一大堆销售里，一眼就挑出最厉害的那个。
当然除了晋升为高管或改行做销售，你还有其他的办法来提高自己的可测量性。比如加入小公司，或者直接创业。这会带来更高的风险，但也会带来更高的收益。那些独当一面的员工往往会选择这样做。
可放大性
除了可测量以外，你的工作成果必须是可放大的。如果你是个工人，你制造的一个产品只能卖给一个人。但如果你是个电影明星，你参与拍摄的一部作品可以影响成千上万的人。
这种『可放大性』在金融业中被称为杠杆。有三种常见的杠杆。资本、人力和可大规模复制的产品。
资本就是你的投资或对你的投资，人力就是为你工作的人。而可大规模复制的产品，就是代码和媒体。上面电影明星的例子就是媒体杠杆。
这三种杠杆都会放大你的工作成果，无论是盈利还是亏损。但区别是，资本和人力是传统富人的杠杆手段，而代码和媒体则是新富阶层的玩法。毕竟互联网的普及还是近二十年的事。
互联网提高了所有人的可放大性，因为现在所有人都可以在网上影响别人了。这提供了一大堆新的可能。十年前如果有人说能在网上唱歌、玩游戏、卖口红赚钱，我们都会认为他在发疯。但今天这就是现实。
如果你不会写代码，那就写书和写博客，制作视频。这就是现代社会普通人最切实可行的致富手段。
在硅谷和其他一些高互信度的社会，人们更重视长时间的复利增长。无论是资产、关系还是技能，如果每年增长百分之二十，连续增长三十年，那么你得到的不是0.2*30，而是上百倍的受益。硅谷更习惯使用长期的、非线性的、指数增长的眼光看待未来。
博弈论里有一个经典的命题叫『囚徒困境』，就是说隔离审讯两个犯人，两个人都会供出对方。但如果多次重复这个过程，两个犯人会开始重复对方上一次的决策，最终达成互利双赢的局面。
硅谷显然是后一种情况。硅谷的创业者倾向于彼此坦诚相待，因为他们知道这些人今后还有合作的机会。虽然一些人也会背叛朋友，捞一票就跑，但这毕竟是少数。
因此在普遍意义上讲，如果你想有所成就，更加合理的选择是寻求长期合作的关系。这意味着要找到那些在未来很长一段时间之内，都为你的利益考虑的人，并做好长期与之打交道的准备。而当你们合作多年后，事情会变得更加顺利。因为你们彼此更加信任，更少有摩擦。你们可以做更多的事情。
在长期的合作关系里，人们在帮助所有人变得富有。而在短期合作关系里，人们只是在帮助自己变得富有。
你的技能大概可以分成两类：生产和销售。生产就是解决自己生活中的问题，销售就是把解决方案介绍给别人。在硅谷，典型的创业模式是两个人合作，你生产我销售。像乔布斯和沃兹尼亚克，盖茨和亚伦，拉里和赛奇。
如果既能生产又能销售，那你就无敌了。你将扫平一切障碍，彻底改变游戏规则，比如马斯克。虽然他不是火箭科学家，但至少他对火箭的科学足够了解。当他推销自己的火箭时，他是站在一个技术内行的视角来做这件事。他知道自己在说什么。
特殊知识就是那些处于大众认知的边缘，没人知道如何获得的知识。
特殊知识和是否赚钱无关。特殊技能取决于你的好奇心，你的天性，你的动机。
特殊知识无法通过培训得到。要获得它只能靠经年累月的实践和训练。特殊知识的获得并非易事，否则它就不是特殊知识了。只有那些真正对它感兴趣并具有天赋的人，才能在看不到结果的时候，继续兴致盎然的努力下去。
特殊知识往往来自于两个领域知识的结合。与其在一件事上做到前百分之一，不如在两件事上做到前百分之二十。两个领域的结合会产生1 1＞2的效果。
在这个特殊的细分领域，复利效应会把你的优势无限放大。时间越长，你的知识技能就越无法被取代。
你不能坐下来用头脑分析你的特殊知识，你只能理解和观察它。特殊知识与其说是你追求的，不如说是你一直拥有的。你需要回顾自己的生活，观察自己一直在神马事情上花时间。比如我一直以来都以为自己会做科学家。如果没有科学上的突破，人类还在光着身子拿棍子互殴呢。但是当我回头观察，我发现自己最爱做的是对一件事情进行分析与归纳，然后向别人解释清楚。
有趣的是，最早发现这一点的不是我，而是我妈。我十几岁的时候跟她说我要做天文物理学家，结果她说不对，你会去做生意。因为她观察到，每次我们去吃披萨的时候，我都喜欢分析披萨店的经营状况。她的观察是正确的。我对科学的热情和对生意的好奇心最终结合到了一起。
兴趣就是别人认为枯燥无比，但你做起来乐趣十足的事情。
在这一件事上，你会轻松超过所有人，因为他们是为了工作，你是为了乐趣。一旦得不到想要的结果，他们就放弃了。
你需要耐心。这是最大的问题。我们生活在一个效率低下的世界。职业规划至少需要十年，养育子女至少需要十年，创业也至少需要十年。你总会达到你的目的，但这需要时间。
当你全身心投入这样一个认真的状态，当你完全相信自己执着程度会超过别人，当你明白自己不但热爱而且有优势的时候，很多事情都是水到渠成的。
如果有什么普世的致富方式，就是在自己热爱并擅长的事情上日复一日的努力，然后静待指数曲线的拐点到来。
创业不只是产品、服务和商业计划书。创业是你解决了自己的一个问题，然后你把你的解决方案大批量的复制，解决别人的问题。
就拿乔布斯来说，「设计美感」和「极简主义」并不是他应对市场变化的临时策略，而是他对生活中某些困惑的解决方式，以及终身实践的理念。这些方式和理念给他的生活带来了实实在在的好处。他只是碰巧在电子产品上找到了表达自己的途径而已。
类似的，无论是谱写交响乐，选择股票或者发明发明物理定律，都是人们对内心世界的一种表达。如果说那些改变世界的巨人们有什么共同点，那就是他们身体力行的实践着自己心目中的未来。
最后附上Naval Ravikant的推特原文，『如何在不靠运气的情况下变得富有。』
参考资料：
《The Almanack of Naval Ravikant》读后感(五)：读书笔记 - How to Get Rich
==== 写在前面 ====
关于Naval Ravikant
Naval Ravikant是成功的连续创业者（AngleList 创始人）、天使投资人（曾投资Twitter、Uber、Yammer、Stack等）、狂热数字货币推崇者、硅谷大佬。
关于
一开始是Naval Ravikant发了一个很长的推特谈自己的财富观，一共40条金句，引起网络上的极大反响。之后，Naval接受了播客采访，对于这40条逐一做出了解释。访谈进行了约3.5小时，文字记录约43000 单词，内容非常全面，全文被梳理总结并刊登在：https://nav.al/rich
关于
一个叫Eric Jorgenson的陌生人在 Twitter 上问 Naval 能不能把他的东西整理成书，Naval 同意了，于是Eric Jorgenson把他的访谈整理成书，并作为公益提供免费下载。书的内容方面在guide to wealth方面与
关于本文
以下是我自己对
还有一个更省事的办法，是直接查阅那40条推特。不过金句给人带来影响力余波总是有限，可能不会在大脑留下什么痕迹。我们都听过太多金句，绝大多数时候只是以为自己懂了。
我花时间做整理是因为他的价值观与思维方式对我确有启发，唯一的吸收方式是用自己的话总结整理成易于查找的形式。如果你也有受到启发，欢迎点赞评论或传播（注明出处）。
====Wealth and Status ====
· Wealth: Assets or businesses that earn while you sleep
· Wealth game is competitive, as everybody wants it, but it isa positive-sum game.It is not about taking money from somebody else (zero-sum). It is about creating value and abundance for the society so everyone is richer or better-off (positive-sum).Status is a zero-sumgame. To win, you have to put somebody else down.
· Wealth buys you freedom. Once you are free, you are still gonna work because you got to do something with your life, but you can work on only the things that you want, when you want. And then you have much more creative expression, and much less about money.
· Making money is not about luck, it is about skill set.
====Make Luck Your Destiny ====
· Different types of luck: 1. Blind luck; 2. Luck from hustling (keep trying); 3. Luck from preparation; 4. Luckfrom your character (reputation, creditability, network etc.).
· If you’re a trusted, reliable, high-integrity, long-term thinking dealmaker, then when other people want to do deals butdon’t know how to do them, they will approach you and give you a cut of the deal just because of the integrity and reputation that you have built up.
· Renting out your time means you are essentially replaceable. You can’t earn non-linearly when you’re renting out your time. “You can’t be normal and expect abnormal returns.” You must own equity, a piece of the business to gain your financial freedom. It can be a piece of stock option, a business or some kind of IP.
· Don’t run out to upgrade that house, and lifestyle, and all that stuff. “The most dangerous things are heroin, anda monthly salary.” Because they are highly addictive. The way you want to get wealthy is you want to be poor, and working, and working, andworking.
· Give society what it wants, but doesn’t know how to get at scale. Society wants new things. Society wants technology. Figure out what product you can provide to the society. Sharpen your skillset and capabilities on it. Then figure out how to make the product or service available to more people, in a profitable way, in a self-sustaining way.
· The Internet allows you to scale any niche obsession. The internet connects everybody. You can find your audience for your product, or your talent, and skill no matter how far away they are.That is its superpower you want to use.
====Pick Business Partners =====
· Play long-term game with long-term people, not just for compound interest but also for trust. Long-term players make each other rich. When you switch industries, you arestating over from scratch. You wander out of your network, you’re not going to know who to trust. They’re not going to know to trust you. Returns come from compound interest in iterated games
· Pick business partners with high intelligence, energy and integrity. Motivation has to come intrinsically. Delegate to people who are actually good at the thing that youwant them to do.
· Integrity is what someone does, despite what they say they do. We all know that socially if someone treats a waiter, or waitress in arestaurant really badly, then it’s only a matter of time until they treat you badly.
· Self-esteem. Good people, moral people, ethical people, easy to work with people, reliable people, tend to have very high self-esteem because they have very good reputations with themselves. It’s not ego. Ego can be undeserved, but self-esteem at least you feel like you lived up to your own internal moral code of ethics.
· Partner With Rational Optimists. Know all the pitfalls. Know the downsides, but still keep your chin up.
====Arm Yourself With Specific Knowledge =====
· Pursue your innate talents, your genuine curiosity, and your passion, thenbuilding those specific knowledge will feel like play to you. I think if you go around trying to build it a little too deliberately, if you become too goal-oriented on the money, then youwon’t actually pick the thing that you love to do, so you won’t go deep enough into it.
· Whatever you are a natural at, you want to double down on that, whether you area socialite, anaturalprogrammer, a natural salesperson. There are probably multiple things you’re natural at, take the things that you are natural at and combine them. It’s much easier to be top 5 percentile at three or four things than it is to be literally the number one at something.
====Read What You Love Until You Love to Read =====
· The foundation of learning is reading. The most important thing is just to learn how to educate yourself and the way to educate yourself is to develop a love for reading.
· Things you read early on will program your brain a certain way, and then later things that you read, you will decide whether those things are true or false based on the earlier things. So, it is important that you read foundational things - the original books in a given field that are veryscientific in their nature.
· There is no skill called business. Avoid business magazines and business class, study microeconomics, game theory, psychology,persuasion, ethics, mathematics and computers.
· The ultimate foundation are mathematics and logic. If you understand logic and mathematics, then you have the basis for understanding thescientific method. Once you understand the scientific method, then you canunderstand how to separate truth from falsehood.
· It’s better to go through a book really slowly and struggle and stumble and rewind, than it is to fly through 50 books in the field.It’s that understanding that comes through repetition and through usage and through logic and foundations that really makes you a smart thinker.
· If you’re good with computers, if you’re good at basic mathematics, if you’re good at writing, if you’re good at speaking, and if you like reading, you’re set for life.
· A lot of people think they can become really skilled at something by watching others do it, or even by reading about others doing it. And going back to the business school case study. In reality, you’re going to learn a lot more about running a business by operating your own lemonade stand or even opening a little retail store down the street.
======= Different Kinds of Leverage =======
· To get rich, you’re going to need leverage. Leverage comes inlabor, comes in capital, or it can come through code or media.To get these things, you have to build up credibility and you have to do those under your own name as much as possible, which is risky. Accountabilityis a double-edged thing.
· Labor leverage: Managing other people is incredibly messy. It requires tremendous leadership skills.It’s incredibly competed over.You want the minimum amount of people working with you that are going to allow you to use the other forms of leverage, which I would argue are much more interesting.
· Capital Leverage. A powerful form of leverage. It can be converted to labor. It can be converted to other things.It scales very, very well. If you get good at managing capital, you can manage more capital,much more easily than you can manage more people.The hard part with capital is how do you obtain it？If you have specific knowledge in a domain and if you’re accountable and you have a good name in that domain, then people are going to give you capital.
· Product leverage. Products that have no marginal cost of replication. This is the new form of leverage. Media leverage got started with the printing press. It accelerated with broadcast, and blown up with the Internet and with coding.
· Tech start-ups combine all of the above leverages
====== Judgementis the Decisive Skill =======
· Judgment: knowing the long-term effects of your decisions, or being able to predict the long-term effects of your decisions.
· Leverage is a force multiplier of your judgement.
· Intellect without any experience is often worse than useless because you get the confidence that the intellect gives you, and you get some of the credibility, but because you had no skin in the game, and you had no real experience, and no real accountability, you’re just throwing darts.
· The people with the best judgment are among the least emotional. Emotions are what prevent you from seeing what’s actually happening. The more outraged someone is, the worse their judgment.
· Top investors often sound like philosophers. What investors need is very, very broad-based judgment and thinking. The best way to do that is to study everything, including a lot of philosophy. Philosophy also makes you morestoic, makes you less emotional, and so you make better decisions; you have better judgment.
======== Your time and your wealth ========
· You can’t penny-pinch your way to basic sustenance.You can keep expenses low and maybe retire early. That’s perfectly valid. But if you’re going to create wealth, it has to be your number-one, overwhelming priority.
· Factor your time into every decision. Set an aspirational Hourly Rate. If you canoutsource something for less than your hourly rate, do it. You may want to make your own healthy, home-cooked meals. But if you can outsource it, do that instead.
· If getting wealthy is your goal, you have to decide:
1. What you work on - When you’re building abusiness, or a career, first figure out:“What should I be doing？ Where is a market emerging？ What’s a product I can build that I’m excited to work on, where I have specific knowledge？”
2. Who you work with - surround yourself with the best people possible. If there’s someone greater out there to work with, go work with them.When people ask for advice about choosing the right startup to join, I say, “Pick the one that’s going to have the best alumni network for you in the future.”
3. Then work as hard as you can
· Impatience with actions, patience with results - When you do these things, do them as quickly as you can and with your full attentionso you do them well.Then be patient with the results because you’re dealing with complex systems and a lot of people.
· Don't copy desires from people around us. Be careful when you get caught up in status games. You end up competing over things that aren’t worth competing over.
· When you’re being authentic, you don’t mind competition that much. It pisses you off and inspires some fear, jealousy and other emotions. But you don’t really mind because you’re oriented towards the goal and the mission.
· Your eventual outcome =
Distinctiveness of yourspecific knowledge
XLeverage you apply to that knowledge
XCorrect judgment
XAccountability for the outcome
XHow much society values what you’redoing
Then you compound that with how long you can keep doing it and how long you can keep improving it through reading and learning.
· The best founders listen to everyone but make up their own mind. When something is sentyour way, youhave to quickly decide: Is it true？ Is it true in my context？ Do I want to apply it？ You have to reject most advice. But you have to listen to enough of it, and read enough of it, to know what to reject and what to accept.
=====A Calm Mind,a Fit Body, a House Full of Love====
· When you’re wealthy, you’ll realize it wasn’t what you were seeking. The first thing you realize when you’ve made abunch of money is that you’re still the same person. If you’re happy, you’re happy. If you’re unhappy, you’re unhappy. If you’re calm and fulfilled andpeaceful, you’re still that same person.
· A fit body, a calm mind anda house full of lovecannot be bought—they must be earned. Even if you have all the money in the world, you can’t have those three things.Your health, your mental health and your close relationships—are things you have to cultivate. They can bring you a lot more peace and happiness than any amount of money ever will.
· Find three hobbies: One that makes you money, one that keeps you fit, andone that makes you creative.
==== ProductizeYourself ====
· We Should eventually be Working for Ourselves. But we will have to make sacrifices and take on more risk. You may have to take on more accountability and live with less steady income. This advice is for anybody who wants to be entrepreneurial.
· When we’re in our 30s, 40s and 50s, we already have a lot invested. We have a lot of obligations.But that’s when it actually can be themostfruitful.Maybe it can inform your weekend projects, your approach to education, an online course atnight etc.. Maybe it can inform what roles you take on at your current company.
· People naturally want to move up the corporate ladder; but that’s mostly about managing other people. You want to manage more capital, products, media and community. Think about moving to adifferent organization or creating their own company to get more leverage.
· In a smaller organization you will have more accountability, and your work will be more visible. You’re more likely to be able to try different things, which can help you discover the thing you are uniquely good at. A good progression for a career: Start in a large company and progressively move to smaller and smaller ones. It’s very hard to go from a small company to a larger company. Larger companies tend to be more about politics than merit; they’re more stable but less innovative.
· Once you’ve been in business long enough, you will realize how much of it is about trust.Acting ethically turns outto be a selfish imperative. You want to be ethical because it attracts other long-term players in the network. They want to do business with ethical people.
=====Principal - Agent Problem =====
· If you’re an employee, your most important job is to think like a principal.If you think and act like an owner, it’s only a matterof time until you become an owner. If you align yourself with a good principal, they will promote you or empower you or give you accountability or leverage that may be way out of proportion to your relatively menial role.
· If you're a principal, when you do business deals, it’s better to have an aligned partnership that has the where you both have the same incentives than a partnership where you have the advantage in the deal. Because eventually the other person will figure it and the partnership will fall apart.
· Deal with small firms to avoid the principal-agent problem. Big firm has more experience, more people, bigger brand. But you’ll find the principal and the agent are highly separated.I prefer to work with boutiques. My ideal law firm is a law firm of one. My ideal banker is a solo banker. The accountability is extremely high.
· Negotiations are won by whoever cares less. If you want something too badly, the other person can extract more value from you. If someone is taking advantage of you in a negotiation, your best option is to turn it from a short-term game into a long-term game. Try to bring reputation into the negotiation.Convert single-move games to multi-move games:
· “Actually, I need two different projects done. The first project we’ll do together, and based on that I’ll decide if wedo the second project.”
· “I’m going to do this project with you, and I have three friends who want projects done who are waiting to see the outcome of this project.”
· Another way is to write a Yelp or Thumbtack review.
· It’s better to have a few compounding relationships than many shallow ones. Most of the benefits of compounding come at the end.
=======Finding Time to Invest in Yourself ========
· If you have to work a “normal job,” take on accountability to build your specific knowledge
§ Try to learn something that people haven’t quite figured out how to teach yet. That can happen if you’re working in a new and quickly expanding field—where thedetails matter and it’s always moving.
§ If can’t learn in an apprenticeship model because you need to make money, try to be innovative in the context of your job. Take on new challenges and responsibilities. Find the part of the job with the steepest learning curve.
§ Accountability is something you can take on immediately.You have to put yourself in positions where you can exercise judgment.Leverage is something that society gives you after you’ve demonstrated judgment.
§ Work in a way that your outputs are visible and measurable.
· Specific knowledge can be timely or timeless
· If you become a world-class expert in machine learning,you’re going to do really well now. But in 20 years,the world may have moved on to something else. That’stimelyknowledge.
· If you’re good at persuading people, it’s always going to apply, because persuading people is always going to be valuable. That’stimelessknowledge.Timelessspecific knowledge usually can’t be taught, and it sticks with you forever.
· Now, persuasion is a generic skill —not enough to build a career on. You need to combine it in a skill stack. You might combine persuasion with accounting and an understanding of semiconductor production lines, to become the best semiconductor salesperson and, later on, the best semiconductor company CEO.
· Technology is, by definition, the intellectual frontier. It’s taking things from science and culture that we have not figured out how to mass produce or create efficiently and figuring out how to commercialize it and make it available to everybody.
· Scale your specific knowledge with apprentices.Once you get some specific knowledge, you can scale it by training your own apprentices and outsourcing tasks to them.