信息检索课程实习报告： 一、           序言部分实习题目：柜台交易及其交易模式及流程学生姓名：熊炎波（01083094）分工内容：制定检索策略，选择检索入口词，并对检索入口词进行修正检索，选择ABI（商业信息数据库）进行检索，并选择检索结果进行翻译,并编写综述。检索系统：ABI（商业信息数据库） 数据库名称：ABI（商业信息数据库），具体应用的是数据库是：            Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry(第1—13篇)   Business-ProQuest Asian Business（第14—20篇）            二、检索策略部分： 课题分析：“柜台交易及其交易模式及流程”有两部分构成，一部分是柜台交易，柜台交易的交易模式及流程。柜台交易又称场外交易是证券交易的一种方式，是经济金融学研究的一种课题。针对本课题的检索，应从“柜台交易”一词入手，然后通过二次检索获得关于“柜台交易及其交易模式及流程”的有关论文。检索系统的选择：图书馆网络数据库在线检索系统——ABI商业信息数据库数据库的选择：ABI商业信息数据库——Multiple databases, Business-ABI/Inform Trade&Industry,  Business-Proquest Asin Business,Business Source Premier (BSP) 检索词的分析与选择：柜台交易在英文中称为 Over the Counter transaction , 在金融专业术语中常简称为 OTC，因此应以 OTC 或 Over the Counter transaction， counter transaction(柜台交易) 作为检索入口词（关键词）进行基本检索，然后对检索结果以 model OR mode（模式） 和 flow，procedure OR program（流程）作为二次检索的入口词。检索式的构建：  SUB(Over the counter transaction)  AND  LA(English)，SUB（model OR mode）AND SUB(flow OR procedure OR program )检索策略调整： 主要是对检索入口词调整 , 开始始选择的是以Over the Counter trading 作为第一次检索的入口词，后来经过调整，改为下列入口词： Counter transaction (柜台交易)Over the Counter transaction(柜台交易) Counter transaction model(柜台交易模式)Counter transaction  flow(柜台交易流程) 三、           检索结果及文摘翻译： 所用的数据库：ABI（商业信息数据库）—— Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry(第1—13篇)ABI（商业信息数据库）——Business-ProQuest Asian Business（第14—20篇）检索的时间范围是：All dates 检索结果列出：（1——13）篇： 1、所用数据库名称：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry检索的时间范围：All Dates论文题目（Title）：New pvt banks set to hike transaction fees文摘（Abstract）：Another approach that is being mulled is of "zero balance accounts with a fee for each transaction or enquiry". This would mean that the customer need not maintain any balance in the account but instead pay a charge for each account statement, check on balance amount, ATM withdrawal and over the counter thrown by bankers explain the logic: a branch transaction costs the bank the most at Rs75, an ATM transaction costs Rs12, the call centre costs Rs10 and the Internet the least at Rs HDFC Bank and ICICI Bank charges are already in place for frequent ATM withdrawals in case the minimum account balance is not maintained. Recently ICICI Bank imposed a fee for cash deposits in non-host branches. Host branch is the particular branch in which the customer"s account is maintained译文：正被仔细考虑的另一种方法具有"对每笔交易来说具有零平衡帐户的费用的功能。 这将意味着用户不必再保持帐户的平衡，而是改为支付每份帐单的费用， 检查差额，ATM 收回，和在柜台交易上方。 银行家扔的数目解释逻辑： 一分支交易费用银行最多在Rs75， 一台ATM 交易费用Rs12，电话中心在Rs2花费Rs10 和因特网最小。 在HDFC银行和ICICI银行控告已经在适当的位置适合最小帐户结余没保持如果的频繁的ATM 收回。 最近ICICI银行在非总部为现金付款存款强加一项费用。 总部是用户的账被保持的特别的分部 刊名及卷、期数：Sunday BusinessBusinessline. Chennai: Mar10, XX.  、所用数据库名称：ProQuest  Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry检索的时间范围：All Dates论文题目（Title）：East West Bank rolls out new car financing program文摘（Abstract）：Repayment is convenient with the issuance of postdated checks, automatic debit arrangement or over-the-counter transaction at any of East West Bank"s55Personalized Banking Centers (PBC).译文： 偿还帐款对推迟日期的审查， 自动借方安排或者柜台交易在东部西岸的55个性化的银行中心(PBC) 中任何人来说都显的很便利。 刊名及卷、期数：BusinessWorld. Manila:  Mar8, XX.  、所用数据库名称：ProQuest  Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry检索的时间范围：All Dates论文题目（Title）：SEC set to release alternative trade rules文摘（Abstract）：If the SEC gets a favorable BIR ruling, the alternative electronic trading system will be treated as an informal exchange and trades will only be charged a tax rate of one and one-half percent per transaction just like in the bourse. If the BIR will not consider that, then securities traded electronically will be considered as an over-the-counter transaction and will have to be charged a10% capital gains tax.译文： 如果证交会得到有利的BIR制约， 这个选择电子贸易系统 将被看作一次非正式交换，贸易只将被正如在证券交易所一样收费一个每交易百分之一个半的税率。 如果BIR 将不考虑那， 然后通过电子买卖的证券将被认为是一次柜台交易并且必须被收费10%的资本收益税。 作者及单位名称：Leilani M. Gallardo刊名及卷、期数：BusinessWorld. Manila: Dec23, XX.  、所用数据库名称：ProQuest  Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry检索的时间范围：All Dates论文题目（Title）：Solon evaded taxes?文摘（Abstract）：Sen. Renato L Cayetano conducted himself unethically by acquiring his shares of stock in BW Resources Inc. through ove译文： 参议员Renato L Cayetano通过通过柜台交易在BW 资源股份有限公司获得他的股份引导他自己unethically，参议院少数派昨天说。 作者及单位名称：Cayetano, Renato L刊名及卷、期数：BusinessWorld. Manila: Jan16, XX.  、所用数据库名称：ProQuest  Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry检索的时间范围：All Dates论文题目（Title）：SPECIAL FEATURE: Cashless Spending: A lifestyle card with practical uses文摘（Abstract）：Diners Club Philippines operates under the franchise of Security Diners International Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Security Bank. Unlike other contenders in the market today, it offers personalized service to its clients. As its brand suggests, Diners Club provides cardholders a sense of belonging to an exclusive organization. "We have a personalized approach, unlike other card companies wherein all you are is a card number," said Ronald Bibonia, first vice president for business development of Diners Club Philippines. "We keep track of our clients almost on an individual basis."Aside from insurance, Diners Club also provides its clients an array of services and privileges. With Club Cash, for instance, cardholders can avail of up to50% available credit line which can be accessed via the ATM or over-the-counter transactions at the Diners Club Centre, Security Bank and Pilipinas Bank branches, and select Cashlink and Bancnet ATMs. Utility bills, on the other hand, can be settled through the Club Bill Connection facility. This enables cardholders to pay electric bills, Internet subscription, phone bills and the like by just enrolling these services to their Diners Club than these services, Diners Club takes pride in offering Club members free access to exclusive airport and business lounges in major cities worldwide through the Club Lounges facility. One doesn"t have to be a gold cardholder or a member of the frequent buyer program of an airline to enjoy luxuries such as free buffet or the use of private toilets and bath. Club members are welcome to all these facilities by just presenting their Diners Club International card. "Other people would have to pay to have access to those lounges or maybe don"t get the chance to enter," said Mr. [Patrick Carlos]. "B译文：菲律宾就餐者俱乐部有安全就餐者多国合作的特许权，并且在一个安全银行的全资子公司下经营。 与今天市场上其他竞争者不同，它给它的客户提供个性化的服务。作为其品牌建议，就餐者俱乐部为持卡人提供一个属于一个专有的组织的感觉。 "我们让个性化接近， 与你的全部是一个卡片号码的其他卡片公司不同" ，罗纳德Bibonia，首先就餐者俱乐部菲律宾的商业发展的副总统说。 " 我们在一个个人的基础上几乎跟踪我们的客户"。 除了保险，就餐者俱乐部也为它的客户提供一系列服务和特权。 例如，有现金俱乐部，持卡人能用处的50% 可得到信贷限额的，那个可能通过ATM 或者柜台交易在就餐者俱乐部中心事物，保安银行和Pilipinas银行分行访问，和选择Cashlink 和Bancnet自动提款机。 效用账单， 另一方面，可能被通过俱乐部议案连接设备解决。 这使持卡人能够通过刚刚把这些服务登记到他们的就餐者俱乐部卡片支付电的账单，因特网订购，电话账单等等。更多的服务是， 就餐者俱乐部对提供俱乐部成员免费参与专有飞机场和生意休息室在通过俱乐部休息室设备全世界的主要城市感到自豪。 一个人不必是 一黄金持卡人或者一频繁购买者享有奢侈品象免费打击或者私人洗手间和洗澡的使用那样的一航空公司的计划的成员。 俱乐部成员通过刚刚为他们的就餐者俱乐部提出国际卡片可以随意使用这些设备。 " 其他人必须支付能进入那些休息室或者或许不得到进入的机会"，帕特里克·卡洛斯先生说" 。但是正从飞行到飞行等转变的就餐者俱乐部成员实际上能呆在家里并且很舒适"。作者及单位名称：ANN KATHLEEN M. JABSON  Diners Club International (NAICS: 813990)

刊名及卷、期数：BusinessWorld. Manila: Mar30, XX.  、所用数据库名称：ProQuest  Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry检索的时间范围：All Dates论文题目（Title）：SPECIAL FEATURE: e-Revolution: Union Bank makes mark in electronic marketplace文摘（Abstract）：PCIBank gives Smart"s customers more choices in settling their bills; they can pay via over-the-counter transactions or through two modes of PCIBank FASTPay - if they are PCIBank FASTeller International ATM cardholders, through the automatic debit arrangement (ADA), or FASTPay which is available in over200 of PCIBank"s FASTeller International ATMs or almost1,000 BancNet- member ATMs nationwide. FASTPay via PCIBank FASTPhone, another convenient bills payment mode, will be available before the end of the year.译文： PCIBank在付账方面给聪敏的用户更多的选择； 他们能通过柜台交易或者通过PCIBank FASTPay的两种方式支付 - 如果他们是PCIBank FASTeller 国际ATM 持卡人， 通过自动的借方安排(埃达) ，或者FASTPay，在超过全国性的PCIBank的FASTeller 国际自动提款机或者将近1，000台BancNet 成员自动提款机中的200台可提供。 通过PCIBank FASTPhone的FASTPay，另一种便利的账单支付方式，在年底之前将是可得到的。 作者及单位名称：Ortiz, Justo刊名及卷、期数：BusinessWorld. Manila: Mar30, XX.  、所用数据库名称：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry检索的时间范围：All Dates论文题目（Title）：BUSINESSWORLD (PHILIPPINES): Brokers in stock rigging mess deny wrongdoing (Not aware of any anomalies, they said)文摘（Abstract）：On charges that it participated in over-the-counter transactions, Securities XX said OTC deals are not illegal but "merely regulated by law." It said Mr. Tan opened his account with the firm in May1997with a "safekeeping agreement" or a pact with the firm that it will act as custodian of his (Mr. Tan"s) shares. express orders and instructions of Mr. Tan."Based on the complaint of the SEC filed at the Department of Justice (DoJ) last March, Mr. Tan and other BW officials resorted to a classic stock price manipulation technique called wash corporate watchdog presented evidence at the Justice department supposedly proving Aurora, and brokerage firms PNB Securities, Inc., Mark Securities, Belson Securities, Inc. and Securities XX allowed Mr. Tan to skirt Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE) rules to jack up trading volume and price of BW.译文： 在费用上它参加柜台交易，XX上述OTC 分派的证券不不合法，但是"仅仅以法律管理"。 它说 Tan 先生在19975月与公司由于一"保管同意"或者一个条约与公司打开他账户 将担任他的(Tan先生) 的股票的保管人。 表示Tan先生的命令和指示。 "基于去年3月在司法部(DoJ)正式提出的证交会的抱怨， Tan先生和其他BW 官员常去一种最优秀股票价格操作技术叫洗销售。 公司的监管人在司法部根据推测证明极光提出证据， 以及经纪人事务所PNB证券， 股份有限公司， 马克证券， 贝尔森证券股份有限公司和证券XX 允许先生Tan 给裙子顶起成交量和BW的价格的菲律宾证券交易所(PSE) 规章。 作者及单位名称：Tan, Dante T,  Juan, Jimmy刊名及卷、期数：BusinessWorld. Manila: May12, XX.  、所用数据库名称：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry检索的时间范围：All Dates论文题目（Title）：Close watch on money transfer文摘（Abstract）：The move initiated by the Economic Planning and Development, Department of the Ministry of Finance stipulates that all over the counter transactions to foreign countries be recorded in a special form called "Form P1" as from January says that under the Statistics Act, Chapter81from Laws of Brunei Darussalam, every remitter is requested to complete all the required information译文：因为经济计划和发展而起动的行动， 财政部规定遍及对外国的柜台交易被以一个特殊形式记录自1月1日起被称作‘FROM P1’。 它说那在统计下面行动，来自文莱达鲁萨兰国的法律的第81章，每位汇款人被请求完成全部被要求的信息 作者及单位名称：Cayetano, Renato L刊名及卷、期数: The Borneo Bulletin. Kuala Belait: Jan9,1998.  、所用数据库名称：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry检索的时间范围：All Dates论文题目（Title）：SPECIAL FEATURE: Mobile Phones: More efficient billing and collection services for cellphone operators文摘（Abstract）：PCIBank gives Smart"s customers more choices in settling their bills; they can pay via over-the-counter transactions or through two modes of PCIBank FASTPay - if they are PCIBank FASTeller International ATM cardholders, through the automatic debit arrangement (ADA), or FASTPay which is available in over200 of PCIBank"s FASTeller International ATMs or almost1,000 BancNet- member ATMs nationwide. FASTPay via PCIBank FASTPhone, another convenient bills payment mode, will be available before the end of the year.译文：PCIBank在付账方面给精明的用户更多的选择； 他们能通过柜台交易或者通过PCIBank FASTPay的两种方式支付 - 如果他们是PCIBank FASTeller 国际ATM 持卡人， 通过自动的借方安排(埃达) ，或者FASTPay，在超过全国性的PCIBank的FASTeller 国际自动提款机或者将近1，000台BancNet 成员自动提款机中的200台可提供。 通过PCIBank FASTPhone的FASTPay，另一种便利的账单支付方式，在年底之前将是可得到的。 作者及单位名称：Bermudez, Joey A刊名及卷、期数: BusinessWorld. Manila: Dec8,1997.  pg. NOPGCIT 10、所用数据库名称：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry检索的时间范围：All Dates论文题目（Title）：New pvt banks set to hike transaction fees文摘（Abstract）：Another approach that is being mulled is of "zero balance accounts with a fee for each transaction or enquiry". This would mean that the customer need not maintain any balance in the account but instead pay a charge for each account statement, check on balance amount, ATM withdrawal and over the counter thrown by bankers explain the logic: a branch transaction costs the bank the most at Rs75, an ATM transaction costs Rs12, the call centre costs Rs10 and the Internet the least at Rs HDFC Bank and ICICI Bank charges are already in place for frequent ATM withdrawals in case the minimum account balance is not maintained. Recently ICICI Bank imposed a fee for cash deposits in non-host branches. Host branch is the particular branch in which the customer"s account is maintained.译文：正被仔细考虑的另一种方法具有"零为每笔交易或者调查使账与一项费用平衡"。 这将意味着用户不必保持价值为任何余额的账，但是改为支付每份帐单的一项费用， 检查差额，ATM 收回，和在柜台交易上方。 银行家扔的数目解释逻辑： 一分支交易费用银行最多在Rs75， 一台ATM 交易费用Rs12，电话中心在Rs2花费Rs10 和因特网最小。 在HDFC，银行和ICICI银行控告已经在适当的位置适合最小帐户结余没保持如果的频繁的ATM 收回。 最近ICICI银行在非主人的分部为现金付款存款强加一项费用。 主人分部是用户的账被保持的特别的分部。作者及单位名称：Cayetano, Renato L刊名及卷、期数：Businessline. Chennai: Mar10, XX.  、所用数据库名称：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry检索的时间范围：All Dates论文题目（Title）：East West Bank rolls out new car financing program文摘（Abstract）：Repayment is convenient with the issuance of postdated checks, automatic debit arrangement or over-the-counter tran译文： 偿还用推迟日期的检查的发行便利， 自动借方安排或者柜台交易在东部西岸的55个性化的银行中心(PBC) 中任何人。。 作者及单位名称：Cayetano, Renato L刊名及卷、期数 12、所用数据库名称：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry检索的时间范围：All Dates论文题目（Title）：SPECIAL FEATURE: Cashless Spending: A lifestyle card with practical uses文摘（Abstract）：Diners Club Philippines operates under the franchise of Security Diners International Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Security Bank. Unlike other contenders in the market today, it offers personalized service to its clients. As its brand suggests, Diners Club provides cardholders a sense of belonging to an exclusive organization. "We have a personalized approach, unlike other card companies wherein all you are is a card number," said Ronald Bibonia, first vice president for business development of Diners Club Philippines. "We keep track of our clients almost on an individual basis."Aside from insurance, Diners Club also provides its clients an array of services and privileges. With Club Cash, for instance, cardholders can avail of up to50% available credit line which can be accessed via the ATM or over-the-counter transactions at the Diners Club Centre, Security Bank and Pilipinas Bank branches, and select Cashlink and Bancnet ATMs. Utility bills, on the other hand, can be settled through the Club Bill Connection facility. This enables cardholders to pay electric bills, Internet subscription, phone bills and the like by just enrolling these services to their Diners Club than these services, Diners Club takes pride in offering Club members free access to exclusive airport and business lounges in major cities worldwide through the Club Lounges facility. One doesn"t have to be a gold cardholder or a member of the frequent buyer program of an airline to enjoy luxuries such as free buffet or the use of private toilets and bath. Club members are welcome to all these facilities by just presenting their Diners Club International card. "Other people would have to pay to have access to those lounges or maybe don"t get the chance to enter," said Mr. [Patrick Carlos]. "But Diners Club members who are waiting for transitions from flight to flight can actually stay in and be comfortable."译文： 就餐者俱乐部菲律宾在安全就餐者多国合作的特许权，一个安全银行的全资子公司下经营。 与今天的在市场的其他竞争者不同，它给它的客户提供个性化的服务。 它的品牌建议当时，就餐者俱乐部为持卡人提供一个属于一个专有的组织的感觉。 "我们让个性化接近， 与你的全部是一个卡片号码的其他卡片公司不同" ，罗纳德Bibonia，首先就餐者俱乐部菲律宾的商业发展的副总统说。 " 我们在一个个人的基础上几乎跟踪我们的客户"。 除了保险，就餐者俱乐部也为它的客户提供一系列服务和特权。 有现金俱乐部，例如，持卡人能用处最多50% 可得到信贷限额， 哪个可能通过ATM 或者柜台交易在就餐者俱乐部中心事物，保安银行和Pilipinas银行树枝访问，和选择Cashlink 和Bancnet自动提款机。 效用账单， 另一方面，可能被通过俱乐部议案连接设备解决。 这使持卡人能够通过刚刚把这些服务登记到他们的就餐者俱乐部卡片支付电的账单，因特网订购，电话账单等等。 多于这些服务， 就餐者俱乐部对提供俱乐部成员免费参与专有飞机场和生意休息室在通过俱乐部休息室设备全世界的主要城市感到自豪。 一个人不必是 一黄金持卡人或者一频繁购买者享有奢侈品象免费打击或者私人洗手间和洗澡的使用那样的一航空公司的计划的成员。 俱乐部成员通过刚刚为他们的就餐者俱乐部提出国际卡片可以随意所有这些设备。 " 其他人必须支付能进入那些休息室或者或许不得到进入的机会"，先生说 [帕特里克·卡洛斯 ]. " 但是正从飞行到飞行等转变的就餐者俱乐部成员实际上能呆在家里并且舒适"。 作者及单位名称：ANN KATHLEEN M. JABSON刊名及卷、期数：BusinessWorld. Manila: Mar30, XX.  、所用数据库名称：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry检索的时间范围：All Dates论文题目（Title）：New laws to boost Egyptian bond market文摘（Abstract）：The Egyptian bond market looks poised to expand, with huge increases anticipated in primary and secondary market activity, following the release of government decrees which allow investment houses and brokers to make markets and perform over-the-counter transactions. Until now, Egypt lacked a liquid secondary market, with all transactions having to take place through the stock exchange.译文：埃及债券市场看平衡扩大， 由于巨大的增加在主要和二级市场活动方面预期， 继允许投资公司和经纪人做市场并且进行柜台交易的政府法令的发行之后。 直到现在，埃及缺乏一液体次要市场，全部交易必须通过证券交易所发生。 作者及单位名称：Anonymous刊名及卷、期数：Emerging Markets Week. New York: Feb28, XX. Vol. 8, Iss. 9;  pg. 6,pgs （14——20）篇：  14、所用数据库名称：ProQuest Business-ProQuest Asian Business检索的时间范围：All Dates论文题目（Title）：Answering the call文摘（Abstract）：For credit unions, handling phone calls is a vital part of member service - so much so that many have created whole departments that do nothing but transact business by telephone. Credit unions have created call centers for a variety of reasons, ranging from member complaints to conflicting demands on member service representatives between serving customers in person and answering calls. In addition to improved member service, routing transactions to a call center can result in significant cost savings. Studies showed that over-the-counter transactions cost between $ and $ each, while automated and phone transactions cost between $1and $. Executives interviewed say those considering a call center should:1. pick the right people and give them adequate training, space and equipment,2. pick the right phone system,3. keep transactions secure,4. measure results both objectively and subjectively, and5. use marketing and pricing tools to encourage call center use.译文：对信用合作社来说，处理电话是一个成员服务的至关重要的部分 - 以致于很多已经建立除了用电话办理生意什么都没做的整个部门。 信用合作社已经创造叫中心因种种原因， 从成员抱怨到在亲自为用户效劳并且应答电话呼叫之间在成员维修代表身上抵触需求的范围内。 除改进的成员服务之外，正在运送交易到一个电话时，中心能导致显著的成本节约。 研究显示买卖双方直接交易交易费用在 美元和 每一个元之间，当自动化时和在1美元和 美元之间的电话交易费用。 接见的执行者说那些考虑到一个电话中心应该：1. 挑合适的人们并且给他们足够的训练，空间和设备，2。 挑正确的电话系统，3。 保持交易安全，4。 既客观又主观测量结果，以及5。 使用销售和鼓励的工具定价叫中心使用。 作者及单位名称：Minderman, Dean C刊名及卷、期数：Credit Union Management. Madison: Jul1995. Vol. 18, Iss. 7;  pg. 36,pgs 15所用数据库名称：ProQuest Business-ProQuest Asian Business检索的时间范围：All Dates论文题目（Title）：Swaps Group Urges Futures Agency to Rethink Proposals文摘（Abstract）：Publicly reported losses by municipalities and pension funds have been in transactions involving securities, not swaps, the association maintains. "At the same time, recently publicized disputes regarding swaps transactions have involved large corporations and banks that are "eligible participants" under any definition," the association large part, the businesses of banks and other financial institutions, government-sponsored entities, and corporations that provide and use swaps and other similar over-the-counter transactions are based on the legal conclusion that these transactions are not futures contracts subject to federal futures trading laws, the association said."ISDA believes that the CFTC should avoid steps that will reverse a seven-year effort to provide legal certainty for swaps transactions, create new confusions as to the legal standards applicable to swaps, potentially render a large number of transactions void and unenforceable and undermine the continued growth of swap activity."译文： 公开报告通过自治市和养老基金的损失在与证券有关的交易过程中，不交换，协会主张。 "同时， 最近宣布关于交易与是" 合格参加者"在任何定义下的大公司和银行有关的交换的争论"，协会说。 在大的部分， 银行和其他金融机构，政府发起的实体的生意， 以及公司， 那提供并且使用交换和其他相似柜台交易基于合法这些交易不是期货签订须经联邦期货贸易法律的结论， 协会说。 "ISDA相信CFTC避免走将抵消一7年提供给交换交易的合法确信的努力， 关于对交换适用的法律标准造成新混乱， 潜在使得许多交易无效和无法实施并且破坏交换活动的持续的增长"。 刊名及卷、期数 Credit Union Management. Madison: Jul1995. Vol. 18, Iss. 7;  pg. 36,pgs  16、所用数据库名称：ProQuest Business-ProQuest Asian Business检索的时间范围：All Dates论文题目（Title）：Market Efficiency Across Securities Exchange文摘（Abstract）：The efficient market hypothesis holds that investors are aware of all information concerning prices of securities. Any new information is quickly reflected in the current prices of securities without bias. This efficient dissemination of information thus makes it impossible for investors to earn consistently superior investment returns. The hypothesis is strongly supported by studies of large investment firms on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). However, the pricing efficiencies of the American Stock Exchange (ASE), regional stock exchanges, and over-the-counter transactions are not as rigorous. From a large sample of common stock transactions, results show that securities off the NYSE are more likely to sell at prices farther away from equilibrium values than those on the NYSE. The involvement of smaller companies implies a loss of efficiency in the digestion and processing of price information. Away from the NYSE, securities tend to be underpriced, enabling investors to earn higher rates of return on short-term security trades.译文：有效率的市场假说认为投资者知道全部关于证券的价格的信息。 任何新信息被无偏见迅速反映在证券的时价上。 信息的这有效率的传播如此使投资者一贯挣优良的投资利润不可能。 假说强烈大投资的研究支持坚决支持纽约证券交易所(纽约证券交易所)。 不过，美国证券交易所(ASE) 的定价效率，地区证券交易所，和柜台交易不那么严格。 从一个普通股交易的大的样品， 结果显示与在纽约证券交易所上的相比较，离纽约证券交易所的证券很可能远离平衡值以价格出售。 更小的公司的介入在消化和价格行情的处理过程中暗示效率的丧失。 离开纽约证券交易所，证券倾向于被定价过低，使投资者能够关于短期保密贸易获得更高的收益率。 作者及单位名称：Lease, Ronald C.,  Lewellen, Wilbur G.刊名及卷、期数 ：Journal of Economics and Business. New York: 1982. Vol. 34, Iss. 2;  pg.  17、所用数据库名称：ProQuest Business-ProQuest Asian Business检索的时间范围：All Dates论文题目（Title）：A Hedge in the Future文摘（Abstract）：Financial futures (contracts to buy or sell securities at an agreed-upon price on a specified future date) offer investors various financial planning opportunities. A contract can be canceled by the buyer or seller at any time by entering an opposite contract. By hedging financial futures, financial planners can freeze portfolio values and protect clients from unfavorable interest rate fluctuations. Financial planners can use financial futures to freeze their clients" costs of borrowing by maintaining current interest rates; real estate developers find this technique advantageous. Also, financial planners can freeze clients" lending or investing rates. Examples of these applications are included. Compared to possible losses from changes in interest rates, hedging is relatively economical. Moreover, interest rates and the stock market can be predicted by financial futures since futures prices are merely expectations and, as such, can be self-fulfilling 译文：金融期货(签合同买或者出售在一双方商定的价格关于一棵指定的未来日期的证券) 给投资者提供各种各样的编制财政计划机会。 通过输入一份相反的合同随时买方或者卖方可能取消一份合同。 在套头交易金融期货时，金融计划者能结冰文件夹估价并且保护客户挡住不利的利率波动。 金融计划者能使用金融期货通过保持当今的利率冻结他们的客户的借款成本； 地产发展商发现这种技术有利。 此外，金融计划者能冻客户借给或者投资的比率。 这些应用的例子被包括。 与来自在利率方面的变化的可能的损失相比，套头交易相对节约。 而且，利率和那些股票交易市场可能预言金融期货自从价格期货在仅仅预期和，照此，可能是履行自我 作者及单位名称：Ray, Russ刊名及卷、期数：Financial Planning. New York: Nov1985. Vol. 14, Iss. 11;  pg. 212,pgs  18、所用数据库名称：ProQuest Business-ProQuest Asian Business检索的时间范围：All Dates论文题目（Title）：East West Bank rolls out new car financing program文摘（Abstract）：Repayment is convenient with the issuance of postdated checks, automatic debit arrangement or over-the-counter transaction at any of East West Bank"s55Personalized Banking Centers (PBC)译文：偿还用推迟日期的检查的发行便利， 自动借方安排或者柜台交易在东部西岸的55个性化的银行中心(PBC) 中任何人。 刊名及卷、期数 ：BusinessWorld. Manila: Mar8, XX.  、所用数据库名称：ProQuest Business-ProQuest Asian Business检索的时间范围：All Dates论文题目（Title）：What does the future hold for shared service centers . . . if all you need is a telephone to transact business?文摘（Abstract）：In an interview, Bill Broxterman, president/CEO of Hughes Aircraft Employees Federal Credit Union, and Ray Swanson, president/CEO of CUNA Credit Union, discussed shared service centers. Both agreed that shared service centers will keep credit unions competitive, especially in the short term and especially for small credit unions. Broxterman"s credit union has had little success with automated branches, having found that members prefer the human touch, but Swanson reports that electronic transactions have greatly surpassed over-the-counter transactions. He also pointed out that sometimes members do not use ATMs because they are not set up conveniently with noticeable signage. Shared service centers do present an opportunity to serve low-income neighborhoods, and they will give credit unions an on-street presence that they have lacked. 译文：在一次接见过程中，比尔Broxterman，休斯飞机雇员联合信贷联盟的总统/首席执行长官， 以及射线斯旺森，CUNA信用合作社的总裁/首席执行长官，讨论分享的服务中心。 两个同意那被分享的服务中心将保持信用合作社具有竞争性，特别在短时期内和特别为小的信用合作社。 Broxterman的信用合作社已经有很少的使自动化的分部成功， 已经发现成员宁愿人接触，但是斯旺森报告电子交易已经非常超过柜台交易。 他也指出有时成员不使用自动提款机，因为他们没被显著的标记方便地建立。 分享的服务中心确实提出服务于低收入的邻近地区的一次机会， 并且他们将给信用合作社在街道上的他们已经缺乏的出席。 作者及单位名称：Johnson, Eugene刊名及卷、期数 ：Credit Union Magazine. Madison: Jul1994. Vol. 60, Iss. 7;  pg. 14,pgs 20、所用数据库名称：ProQuest Business-ProQuest Asian Business检索的时间范围：All Dates论文题目（Title）：Interest in ATMs Grows Apace文摘（Abstract）：Credit unions offering share drafts are often finding that their members are demanding automated teller machine (ATM) access. Today, about1,100 credit unions provide ATM service, and83% of those participate in a shared network. Shared networks reduce expenses for ATM owners. For the credit unions offering ATMs, though, an average of only20% of the members possess ATM cards. Members use ATMs primarily for cash acquisition. A credit union considering offering ATM access should:1. Spell out goals for the . Research what other institutions in the locale are . Aim to have25% of members as active card holders the first year. A survey shows that about36% of the credit unions charge fees for ATM cards. Unions that want to encourage use of ATMs rather than share-draft or over-the-counter transactions should price the service accordingly. Meanwhile, ATMs are displacing an increasing amount of checks; whether ATMs affect profits remains to be seen.  译文：提供的信用合作社分享草稿经常发现他们成员要求自动化的出纳员机器(ATM)进入。 今天，大约1，100个信用合作社提供ATM 服务，并且那些的83% 参加一个分享的网络。 分享的网络为ATM 拥有人节减费用。 对提供自动提款机的信用合作社来说，不过，平均只那些成员的20% 拥有ATM 卡片。 成员把主要的自动提款机用于现金获得。 认为提供为ATM 进入的一个信用合作社应该：1. 详细说明计划的目标。2.研究在地点的其他机构正做的。3.目的是第一年把25%的成员当作活跃的持卡者。 一次调查显示大约信用合作社的36% 为ATM 卡片收费。 联合想要鼓励自动提款机的使用而不是分享草稿或者柜台交易因此给服务定价。 同时，自动提款机正替代增加数量的检查； 是否自动提款机影响利润留待被看见。 作者及单位名称：Anonymous刊名，期数：Credit Union Magazine. Madison: Sep1985. Vol. 51, Iss. 9;  pg. 44,pgs 四、综述部分：我们最后得到的检索结果达到了将近30篇左右，相对来说，在一个数据库里，算是检索比较全了；但是从检索过程看来，整个检索的查准率却不高，因为在检索过程中，我们采用的方法是逐步检索，在第一步的基础上进行第二步，我们第一次检索入口词选的是Counter transaction (柜台交易)，Over the Counter transaction(柜台交易) ，检索的结果比较多（不同的数据库检索出来的结果很多），然后我们在此基础上，采用了refine search的方法，加入了第二层检索词：mode  or model ;Flow or procedure or program ；此时的到的检索结果却很令人失望，具体情况是：采用Counter transaction     mode or model   Flow or procedure or program得到的结果是0然而，Counter transaction     mode  or model  得到的结果只有14篇左右（不同的数据库累积计算）；Counter transaction     Flow or procedure or program 得到的结果也只有10篇左右（不同的数据库累积计算）；因此我们采用的结果就是后两组组合方式得到的结果！ 在做这个检索大作业的过程中，我们的采用的方式是三人分工协作，完成这个大作业！在个人的检索行动中，开始面临的是数据库的选择，鉴于ABI商业数据库检索系统拥有很多不同的数据库，因此开始以这个为首选，进行检索。检索过程是比较不顺利的，尤其是第一步，因为开始把入口词没有弄清楚，没有找准专业入口词，导致最后检索不到结果，经过修正后得到了检索结果；还有就是在逐步检索过程中，最后的综合结果是最打击人的，我们将三个检索词综合起来进行检索，得到的却是0 的结果，这让人很受挫，让我们不得不分开将各个检索词进行组合，最后得到现在的结果。  虽然检索结果不尽人意，但是我们在做这个大作业中。却学会了如何对各种专业文献，论文进行检索，如何对检索结果进行修正，调整，达到最后比较全，比较准的结果！过程是麻烦的，辛苦的，但是最后的结果却是让人比较欣慰的！  整个检索过程，基本上是我们自己完成的，没有得到相关老师的指导，以至于最后的结果可能与实际的结果有很大的偏差，因此为了避免这种事情的再次发生，建议老师为我们安排的辅导老师在以后的学习中，能够认真负责，帮助学生顺利地完成检索大作业。