南京，简称“宁”，古称金陵、建康，是江苏省省会、副省级市、南京都市圈核心城市，国务院批复确定的中国东部地区重要的中心城市、全国重要的科研教育基地和综合交通枢纽。

　　一、欢迎词

　　Ladies and gentleman:Good morning .Welcome to the captical city of Jiangsu Province——Nanjing.I’m honored to have this opportunity to welcome all of you come to visit this beautiful city.May I introduce my colleagues to you?This is Mr.Li,our driver,his bus number is SuA36099,please remember it.My name is Sally,I’m from the branch company of China International Travel Service in Nanjing.My job is to smooth your way,care for your welfare,try my best to answer your questions,and be your guide during your stay in Nanjing.Now I’ll give you some tips during your stay in Nanjing:Firstly,please put your head and hands inside of the window,or it’s very dangerous.Secondly,when you come back to the restaurant,don’t go out alone.Last but not least,when you travel around this city,please be careful of your wallet and some other valued things.If you have any special interest,please tell your leader or let me know that,we’ll try our best to make your stay in Nanjing a pleasant one.We highly appreciate your understanding ang co-operation,Wish you enjoy these days you stay here.Thank you.

　　二、简介南京

　　When you come to Jiangsu province,of course you can’t miss the capital city——Nanjing.She is one of the political,economic and cultural center over the Yangzi Delta region.And she was been called China’s southern capital. There are about 8 million people here and Nanjing is one of the historical and cultural cities rectified by the state.She was one of the 6 famous ancient cities in China.For almost 2000 years,there has been 10 dynasties which eatabished their capitals here,they are Wu,Eastern Jin,Song,Qi,Liang,Chen,South Tang,Ming,Taiping Kingdom,and Republic of China subsequently.

　　For tourists,Nanjing is one of China’s most attractive cities.In octorber 2010,there comes a research among foreigners from more than 100 countries,Nanjing is the 3rd popular city in China,just next to Shanghai and Beijing,I think wo must work harder together for it.

　　I think all the pretty scenic in Nanjing will make you feel cheerful in heart and pleased to eyes when you are lingering among them.

　　三、景点（8个）

　　㈠中山陵

　　Dr.Sun Yatsen’s Mausoleum

　　Among all the historical and cultural attractions in Nanjing,the most favored highlight is Dr.Sun Yatsen’s Mausoleum.Dr.Sun Yatsen’s Mausoleum sits on the southern slope of the Purple Mountain in the eastern suburb of the city.It took more than 3 years and 1.5 million silver dollars to build the mausoleum.

　　Dr.Sun Yatsen is considered as the forerunner of the Chinese democratic revolution,the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution. On October 12, 1866, Mr. Sun was born in a farmer's family in Caiheng village of Xiangshan county (the present-day zhongshan City), Guangdong Province. He put forward the famous guiding principle- "driving the invaders out, restoring the

　　sovereignty of China, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership" and the Three People's Principles-"Nationalism, Democracy and the People's Livelihood." Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on March 12, 1925.

　　The location of the Mausoleum was chosen by Mr. Sun himself. Here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum. You may wonder: Mr. Sun was born in Guangdong but died in Beijing. For his whole life he traveled throughout China for the revolution. Why did he choose Nanjing as the venue of his tomb? Fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose Zijing Mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries. Among all the contribution, young architect Lu Yanzhi's design, a design in the shape of a bell, was highly praised and gained the first prize and he himself was invited to supervise the whole project as well. The crescent-shaped square is the bottom of the "Bell of Freedom".

　　Now, we are going out of the Zhongshan Gate and driving along the Mausoleum Road.

　　Please look to the south. The copper "ding" with two looped handles and two legs weighs 5000 kg. It is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23 meters. It is one of the construction for memory of the mausoleum. To the bell-shaped mausoleum the "ding " is just like the pendulum. It seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell.

　　Further from the Fraternity Archway, there is a road leading to the mausoleum. The road is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide. The whole design of the mausoleum gives prominence to Chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and specific.

　　Now, please look forward to the north, along the hillside, situate the mausoleum Gate, the Stele Pavilion, the Memorial Hall and the coffin chamber right behind. The pines, cypresses, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the road represent Mr. Sun's revolutionary spirit and lofty quality. Now we are coming near the top platform. Look, there are two big copper "ding".There are two holes in the bottom of the left "ding". Why?In late 1937, when the Japanese army attacked Nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding. Now, although the circumstances have changed, the two holes always remind Chinese people not to forget the national humiliation. Ascending the steps, now we have reached the top of the platform. Here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the distance. The Memorial Hall is the half way up to the mountain and there are altogether 392 steps covered if you count from the archway of Fraternity. More marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you cant see any platform. But if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms. The number of the steps, 392, is not a random number; it implied the number of Chinese population at that time-392 million.

　　Now we are in front of the Memorial Hall and the coffin Chamber. These are the most basic and general guiding principles of Mr. Sun's revolutionary activities. Above "Democracy", there is a horizontal inscription board with Sun's handwriting on it, "Fill the World with Justice".

　　Please follow me into the Memorial Hall. The floor is covered with white and black marble from Yunnan Province. The style of the whole structure is a blend of the East and the West, representing the well blended doctrine of Dr. Sun Yat-sen.

　　Ladies and gentlemen, Mr. Sun struggled for a better China for his whole life and overthrew monarch feudalist system which lasted for more than 2000 years. He carried out the three principal policies of "Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers" in his later days. The great feat Mr. Sun has achieved has gained great

　　respect and praise from people from both home and abroad. After liberation, both central and local governments have exerted great efforts in preserving this excellent heritage.

　　Now, as one of the "Top Forty Tourist Resorts in China" Dr. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum receives numerous Chinese and international friends every years. OK, thank you very much for your cooperation. Good-bye and good luck!

　　㈡明孝陵

　　Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty

　　Xiaoling Tomb is one of the most historical heritage in Nanjing,built 600 years ago,is the mausoleum of Zhu Yuanzhang,the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty.Lying at the southern foot of the Purple Mountain ,the tomb complex is one of the largest ancient mausoleums of the emperors in China.

　　Born in a poor family and lost his parents when he was a child and become a monk.In 1352,he joined the Red Turban Army which Guo Zixin’s adopted daughter and became the commanding general later.zhu took over Nanjing in 1356,and he conquered the rest of China in the following years.In 1368,he made Nanjing the national captical with a name of Ming for his dynasty and Hongwu as the title of his regin.

　　Zhu began to have his tomb built in 1381 when his wife Empress Ma died.The construction of the mausoleum lasted 38 years or more until 1413.

　　Now follow my steps,The mausoleum consists of two major sections .The first section is from the Gateway of Dismounting Horse to the Lingxing Gate at the end of Sacred Way,of which the approach is 1800 meters long.The second part is the tomb itself :Historical records indicate the mausoleum had a grand red wall,22.5 kilometers long,enclosing the whole tomb area.The tomb complex was very large with many splendid buildings.100 000 pines were planted and 1000 deer raised in the park of mausoleum.Unfortunately,this large group of buildings was ruined by the wars in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.However we can still see the exquisite stone carvings from the stone bases and imagine how magnificent it looked like 600 years ago.The tomb gate known as Grand Golden Gate was a traditional architecture and connected with the red wall.The Gateway of Dismounting Horse locates about 750 meters south from here .The inscription can be seen “All the officials must dismount from their horsebacks here”.This shows the absolute dignity of Emperor ZhuYuanzhang at that time.Northwards from the Great Golden Gate,a huge roofless stone tablet pavilion can be seen,it is the Square Castle as local people call it.Its top is gone but the surrounding walls and four archways still remain.

　　In ancient China,the next enperor must be the first or the first grandson,because his first son died in 1392,so his first grandson ZhuYunwen became the second emperor,then the first son ZhuDi praised the emperor and became the 3rd emperor,he was actually praising himself and presumed himself as the authorized successor to ZhuYuanzhang.

　　Behind the tablet pavilion is sacred way ,which is lined on both sides with 12 pairs of giant stone animals in 6 kinds.

　　The sacred avenue makes a right turn here just because the Plum Blossom Hill stands in the way.The hill is the tomb for SunQuan,the first emperor of Eastern Wu Kingdom ,some ministers suggested that SunQuan’s tomb should stay there to be the concierge of his tomb.

　　Behind the statue there used to be a gate named Lingxing Gate.About 270 meters away from the gate is the stone bridge spanning over a small stream,yet it is called the Imperial Moat Bridge.The bridge used to have 5 arches ,but was renovated into 3 arches later in the Qing

　　Dynasty.The bridge foundation and stone dykes are the original except the rail.

　　About 200 meters north of the Imperial Moat Bridge is the front gate to the tomb.This area is the rear section of the tomb.At the right of the gate,there is a tablet stone on which is inscribed with“TheSpecialNotice”written in 6 foreign languages of Japanese,German,English,French,Italian and Russia respectively to reaffirm the attention to the protection of the filial tomb in the late Qing years.

　　Inside the gate is an entrance hall,of which in the middle is “theStele of Administering the Country well as the Tang and Song Dynasties.”

　　Since Qing rules were Manchurians,Emperor Kangxi was preoccupied that the Han people wouldn’t be subject to his reign.This stone tablet indicatedEmperor Kangxi’s desire to respect the Han emperor of the former dynasty and try to conciliate the Hans.As a great emperor,Kangxi made 6 trips down to southern China from Beijing and visited the Ming Tomb for 5 times.

　　Standing behind the hall is the Filial Hall or Sacrifical Hall,which is one of the major buildings in the mausoleum employed to enshrine Emperor ZhuYuanzhang and his empress.But the original was destoryed in the wars,and the present one was rebuilt and twice restored in the Qing Dynasty.

　　The Citadel of Treasures is the last buildings on the ground,16.25 meters high,75 meters wide and 31 meters in depth.

　　The tomb is at the foot of Purple Mountain.It has not been excavated because of the technical reasons of preservation.The tomb site was selected by ZhuYuanzhang himself.However there had been a Buddhist temple here.ZhuYuanzhang paced up and down and looked upset each time when he was here.The wise abbot in the temple took his cue and suggested to the emperor that the temple shoule be moved because his teacher told him so in his dream. The emperor was happy when he heard this and had the temple rebuilt to the east of his tomb. OK, thank you very much for your cooperation. Good-bye and good luck for your next trip !

　　㈢灵谷寺

　　Linggu Temple

　　Linggu Temple was called Jiangshan Temple in ancient time and its original site was in Donglongfu at the foot of the Purple Mountain.This tenple with an inscription “The First Buddhist Forest”at the entrance to the mountain.

　　My friends,please follow my steps.Inside the entrance there is a secluded footpath with thousands of pine trees ,verdant and luxuriant ,so it is called the “Valley of Spirit Deep in pines”.It is one of the 48 attractions in Nanjing.Main attractions in the park include Linggu Temple ,the gateway of officers and men killed in action,Beamless Hall,Pine and Wind Pavilion,Linggu Pagoda,Monk Baogong Pagoda and the Tablet of Three Great Artists,etc.

　　The first major attraction is the gateway of officals and men killed in action.The gateway has 5 principle columns made of concrete cement.The gate has its foundation inlaid with granite on surface and roofed by blue –glazed tile.The lintel of the middle door is carved with 4 Chinese characters“Great justice and Virtue”in front face and “Salvation of the Nation and People”on the back.

　　Inside the park there is the Beamless Hall built in 1381 in the Ming dynasty.There are nine overlapping ridges and three dagobas decorating the top ridges .In terms of size,the Beamless Hall stands first and foremost of its kind in China.It was built more than 200years earlier than the other five of the same kind in other areas.

　　The original site of the Pine and Wind Pavilion is the former religious discipline hall of the Linggue Temple.The present pavilion was built in 1929,as the memorial hall of the officials and men killed in action with the things left behind by the martyrs.The pavilion was damaged in the War of Resistance against Japan and restored after 1949.

　　Linggu Pagoda was built in 1933 as a memorial pagoda for the officals and men killed in wars.The nine-storeyed octagonal pagoda,is over sisty-meter-high,with a corridor encircled by stone rails on each story.3 characters “Linggu Pagoda”are inscribed on the lintel of the front door and “Where there is a will there’s a way”on the lintel of the back door.Inside the pagoda a spiral staircase of 252 steps winds to the top through the nine stories.

　　In the buses west of Pine and Wind Pavilion there lies a tomb pagoda“ Baogong Pagoda”named after the eminent Monk BaoZhi of the Southern Dynasties.Tradition has it that Monk BaoZhi was born into a bird’s nest in 436.He became a monk when he was 7 years old.Before his death,BaoZhi had frequent contact with Emperor Wudi of the Liang Dynasty and was highly respected by the emperor.

　　Linggu Temple is the only one out of 70 Buddhist monasteries handed down from the Southern Dynasties.The Temple was relocated to the present site in the Ming dynasty and named Linggu Buddhist Monastery by Emperor ZhuYuanzhang,who contributed a lot of money and land to the monastery out of the gratitude that the relocation effectuated the construction of his tomb at Dulongfu.The Ming Dynasty also put 12 temples including Qixia Monastery under the abministration of Linggu Temple and the temple was so large that it could support more than 1000 monks at that time.

　　The present temple is much smaller than it used to be.In the temple there is the Treasure Hall of the Great Sage.In the east of the hall,there is a chambre,which used to be called the Goddess of mercy Hall.But it is turned to the memorial hall of Master Xuan Zang.Whi went to India in the 7th century and brought back with him large quantities of Buddhist sutras.The legendary story of this great monk-traveler and his disciples is vividly described in the great master-piece Journey to the West by Wu Cheng’en.In the memorial hall,some of his skull,introduction of his pilgrimage route to India and his return to Chang’an are on display.In front of the temple,there is a screen wall,on which is written with 10 characters “the Buddhist rites performed to bury Monk BaoZhi’s remains”. OK, thank you very much for your cooperation. Good-bye and good luck for your next trip !

　　㈣总统府（中轴线 西线）

　　Presidential Residence

　　Members of tourists :we will now go sightseeing tour of scenicspots is a long history and has as a day of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Revolution Palace after Dr.Sun Yat-sen became provisional president of the Office of the President office.It is located in the Yangtze River Road,No.292,now has become China’s largest museum of modern history.

　　The history of the place dates back to 600 years ago,and the site was the mansion of Prince of Han during the Ming Dynasty.In 1912,Dr.Sun Yat-sen was elected the Provisional President of the Republic,and changed the west garden of the palace into the Presidential Residence.In1928,the palace became the administration office of the republic government.

　　Opposite to the gate of the palace across the street is the Screen Wall.By the side of the wall,there is a tablet,which is engraved with an incription of Guo Moruo’s autograph that reads“the 100th anniversary of Taiping Uprising”.Built in 1930,the Gate Tower is

　　two-storeyed building with three arch-gates in an imitation of ancient Rome style.It used to be the guardroom during the period of the Republic of China.

　　The Palace of Heavenly King ,surrounded by two walls,is found right at the entrance of the gate.The area within the outer wall was called“The City of Sun”,while that within the main inner wall was called“The city of the Golden Dragon”.On both sides of the main hall were gardens.In1864,when the Qing Dynasty army overran the Heavenly Kingdom captical,most of its buildings were destroyed.But fortunately,the garden west of the main hall,predecessor of the present-day Xuyuan Garden,survived.The palace is newly restored,including the study,throne and imperial harem.In addition ,the history of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is on exhibition here.

　　The complex in the east of the court was the yamen of Governor-general of Multi-province.Yamen is the government office in feudal China.

　　The Presidential Palace is a three-storeyed building.The first floor was the office of secretariat.The second floor was the predient’s office,vice president’s office and the secretary-general’s office.The third was the State Conference Hall,in which the most important meetings were held once two weeks.In addition ,16 special council members were also present at these meetings.

　　Xuyuan Garden was first built for ChenLi as his mansion in the Ming Dynasty,some 600years ago.

　　From 1853 to 1949 ,the site witnessed the vicissitudes and changes of nearly a century’s Chinese history,and left a number of historical relics and records,therefore it offers tourists a live classroom of modern Chinese history.

　　The west Garden came into being in the late Qing Dynasty,hence was deeply stamped with the brand of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.The garden covers an area of 1.4hectares,consisting of 3 parts ----a small courtyard in front of the garden,the east part with a rocky hill,and the west part with a vase-like water pond.

　　The courtyard is a bit too small,but yet well worth seeing because it’s the only passage to the west garden.The outer gate of the yard used to be the place for sedan chair carriers taking the load off their shoulders for restOn the lintel of the gate is inlaid a carved brick with two Chinese characters“Xuyuan ”.In addition,the white wall is opened up a miin gate with two characters“Xuyuan” written on the top.As a works of art,a garden like literary works has its“preface,development,climax and epilogue.”Therefore,this small yard is the “preface” of the whole garden.

　　When tourists go out of the moon gate ,they come to the main body of the West Garden,of which the layout is like a painting and a piece of real art of Chinese garden,therefore gradual necessary.

　　Northeast to the rockery is Tongyin Hall.A story goes like this.A musician named YuBoya used to play music here to entertain his friends,among which ZhongZiqi was the only one who could understand his kindness,so they became the bosom friends as we Chinese say“Zhiyin”.Later Yu never played the music after Zhong died.Actually,Tongyin Hall was the place for the host to entertain his intimate friends in ancient China.

　　The Fangsheng Pavilion has two roofs linked like two mandarin ducks sleeping with their necks together.Seen from far away,the pavilion seems to be twin pavilions.The design is symolic of faithfulness between man and woman.

　　The lake is shaped like a porcelain vase,which has a number of the connotations as “peace,safety,harmony,serenity,repose,ease,or tranquility”.

　　The greatest attraction in the lake is a marble boat called unmoored boat----a miniature of the famous one in Beijing’s Summer Palace.And the place is wonderful for people to enjoy the scenery of full moon as well as pleasant music on the evening of traditional Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival.

　　There are several interesting buildings worth lingering a while,for example,the Sunset Pavilion with a three-piece tablet of Eastern Wu Emperor Sun Hao’s writing,the Outlook Pavilion with a tablet of Chinese painting and carving,the Imperial Tablet Pavilion with the handwriting of Emperor Qianlong.The office of Dr.Sun put up near the garden where he held important meetings and met friends.At present,the building is preserved and has been converted into an exhibition hall of Dr.Sun’s office work and daily life. OK, thank you very much for your cooperation. Good-bye and good luck for your next trip !

　　㈤总统府（中轴线 东线）

　　Presidential Residence

　　The eastern lake was destoryed in the ancient time,so what you see now the east garden was rebuilt not so far from now.The most important part of the eastern garden is the history show of Taiping Kingdom and the history show of the emperor of double rivers in Qing dynasty.

　　Please get off the bus carefully,you can visit here by yourself and I’ll wait for you in the parking place 2 hours later.

　　㈥夫子庙（夫子庙 学宫）

　　Confucius Temple

　　The Qinhuai Scenic spot includes the Qinhuai River,Confucius Temple,the Examination Museum,the street of local delicacies,Former Residence of Wang’s and Xie’s at Wuyi Lane,and Nanjing Oriental Art Gallery and the former residence of Li Xiangjun,etc.Most of the buildings in Confucius Temple area were rebuilt and renovated in the mid-1980s and 1990s and the area becomes a tourist site of culture and commerce.It is an ideal place for tourists to understand traditional Chinese culture as well as enjoy shopping.

　　To the south of Nanjing sits the Confucius Temple on the bank of the Qinhuai River.The Qinhuai River is a branch of the Yangtze River totaling 110 kilometers long.It has nurtured the city of Nanjing and added an illustrious chapter to the local history.It finds its source in Mt.Baohua,Jurong Country.When the water reaches the city,the river is divided into two streams.One goes around the city wall,which is outer Qinhuai and empties into the Yangtze.This is the Inner Qinhuai or the well-known Qinhuai river.Tradition has it that Qinshihuang,the emperor of the Qin dynasty,made an inspection tour eastwards to the area,he heard“the area has an influence on the fortune of producing emperor”and was afriad that the son of heaven could take over his power some day in future.Later generations thought the river was dug by the emperor,hence the name.

　　Built in the Song Dynasty,it is the ritual place of worshipping and offering sacrifaces to Confucius.Confucius Temple is located at the center of the old town of Nanjing.The Confucius Temple was first built in the Song Dynasty for people to pay worship to Confucius.It was gradully renovated and expanded to a place with a group of the Ming ang Qing style buildings.The Confucius Temple people often talk about should include three great building complexes:Comfucius Temple,Palace of Learning and Imperial Examination Yard.The present Confucius Temple was extended on the basis of the Palace of Learning and Imperial Examination Yard.

　　The present Confucius Temple was extended on the basis of the Palace of Learning.The Screen Wall in front of the Confucius Temple is to show that Confucius Learning is too profound to be understood completely and the common folks could not see the learning inside.Another saying:the wall is the frontal project of the temple for the purpose of covering and decoration,so as to give people an impression of its grandeur and magnificence.

　　The Gateway of All Scholars is the first entrance to the temple.It was built in 1586 in an imitation of the Gateway in Qufu,the hometown of Confucius.

　　At the eastern corner of the square in front of the temple is a three storeyed building named Kuixing Pavilion.Kuixing means the top candidate in the imperial examination in Chinese.At the west corner lies the Juxing Pavilion.As all the men of letters or literati were regarded as rhe stars in the sky,this Multiple Star Pavilion was specially built for their meetings.

　　The first gate to the temple is Lingxing Gate,which is decorated with the magnificent carvings in relief.The purpose of building the gate was to show the persons of virtue coming forth in large numbers,and the stability of the country.the gate was built in 1480 and rebuilt in 1870,and the present one was restored in 1983.

　　Dacheng Gate,or the Gate of Agglomeration of Merits and Virtues,is the front gate of the temple.Beyond the gate,there are four tablets. “Four Saints Tablet”was erected in 1331,when Emperor Weng Zong of the Yuan Dynasty granted 4Confucius disciples YanHui,Zeng Shen,Kongji

　　and MengKe as four saints.”Madame Super Great Saint Tablet”was erected in 1331,together with the“Four Saint Tablet”to commemorate the wife of Confucius.

　　Dacheng Hall,or the Hall of Agglomeration of Confucius Merits and Virtues,was employed to enshrine and worship Confucius,with 4 saints of YanHui,ZengShen,MengKe and KongJi on both sides.In addition,the tablets of 72 persons of virtue are also enshrined.

　　Please walking ahead,this is the of Confucius.There used to be a tablet up here said: “Palace of learning.”There used to be trees and flowers around here and the study room in both sides where the place for learners to read books.What besides this is the“MingDeTang”which built in 1139 in South Song,WenTianxiang write the name for this.Then changed it to primary school when the government give up the old examine situation.This is one of the less keeping building in the ancient times.

　　㈦夫子庙（夫子庙 贡院）

　　Confucius Temple

　　If you think that your long,cramped flight to China was some form of torture,a visit to the Exhibition of the History of the Jiangnan Examination School,should set your mind at ease.

　　Jiangnan Imperial Examination Center was located to the east of Confucius Temple. It was first built during the Song Dynasty in a grand scale.Chinese emperors began to select officials through imperial examination from Sui Dynasty in the 7th century.Therefore ,the system,modified in the followings dynasties,opened a door for all to rise from the bottom of the society to power and fame .Neverthless,the content of the examinationwas becoming more and more mechanical and insiped.

　　Jiangnan Imperial Examination Center had its herday during the early Ming Dynasty when Nanjing was the capital of China.It was for the examinations at a provincial level.Visitors today can see a watchtower,where the invigilators watched the students during the examination. Sometimes visitors can also see a demonstration of the imperial examination.

　　There are many shopping area around the Confucius Temple,you can go shopping and taste all kinds of delicious food here,I’ll wait you at the parking place,have a nice trip!

　　㈧中华门

　　City Wall

　　The imposing city wall,as high as a five-storeyed building,very impressive to the visitors to Nanjing.

　　The building of the wall began in 1366,ordered by ZhuYuanzhang who adopted the suggestion of “building the high wall”by one of his staff and founded the Ming Dynasty two years later.More than 200 000 people were employed on the project and many of them died before the wall was completed in 1386.

　　The wall was 33.678 kilometers in circumference and 14.21meters high on average.The base of the wall is 14 meters wide and the top of the wall is 7 meters wide.It was the longest city wall in the world and the city enclosed by it remained the world’s largest until the 17 century .Great part of the wall base is made of granite or rectangular slabs of lime stone,and both side of the wall are laid with huge bricks.Why are the wall still in good condition for so many years?Firstly,ZhuYuanzhang had tight control over the making of all bricks.Secondly,In case a brick was found not up to the standard,all of them were supposed to be punished .So the quality of the wall is related to workers’ life,they work hard enough for it.

　　The city wall has 24 gates,among which only 13 gates were the original ones from Ming time

　　thand the rest were built or added for traffic purpose later on.

　　Among all the gates,Zhonghua Gate is the largest.The gate was formerly called the Treasure Bowl Gate,which is connected with an interesting story popular among the local people.In the early Ming Dynasty when Emperor ZhuYuanzhang stared to build a city wall around Nanjing,everything was well done,except that this gate failed to be built after many attempts.From his prime minister,the emperor heard of a poor fisherman named ShenWanshan,who got a treasure bowl and became very rich..The imperial court dispatched people to cheat him out of the treasure bowl and buried it into the ground as the foundation of the gate.The gate was finally built up.From the time the gate was given the name Jubao in Chinese which meanstreasure bowl.

　　Covering an area of 15 168 square meters,20 meters high,the gate has 4 entrances with 4 doors.The heavy stone doors are lifted and dropped with the help of a mechanical winch.If enemy troops broke through the first wooden door,they could be separated and trapped inside by the dropping of the other 3 stone doors.This strategy is known in China as“beating dogs behind a bolted door.”

　　The first entrance is in a three-tier building in which 27 tunnels are built.These tunnels are spacious enough to quarter more than 3000 soldiers and store large quantities of food and ammunitions.There are wide horse ramps on both sides.At the top,there used to be a rostrum allowing a commanding view.Unfortunately,the wall was destoryed by Japanese invaders in the Anti-Japanese War.

　　Nowadays,21.35-kilometer city wall survives and is among the preservation list of monuments and historical sites approved by the State Council.The Nanjing Municipal Government plans to have part of the city wall repaired and some of the city gates renovated.

　　四、欢送词

　　Ladies and Gentlemen:Time goes so quickly and your trip in Nanjing is drawing to a close ,tomorrow morning my friends will be leaving Nanjing for NewYork by air.These days ,we have a trip for Dr.Sun Yatsen’s Mausoleum,Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty,Linggu Temple,Confucius Temple,Presidential Residence,but time was limited for these days,Nanjing has 48 attractions scenic spots,sunch as Nanjing Museum,Yuejianglou,the under sea world of

　　thNanjing.On octorber 10 next year,Dr Sun Yatsen leading Chinese democratic revolution for 100

　　years,I think it’s a high time for you and your friends travel to Nanjing again.

　　While you were stay in Nanjing,the deledation members have been very co-operation,friendly and understanding.We appreciated that very much.This is because that friendship does not go on way,it goes both ways.Happy to meet,sorry to depart and happy to meet again.Now let us to sing the song together I taught you these days,OK?